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Intellectual

How memory works

12 sections · 10 pts/section
Section 1 / 12

Memory is not a recording

Many people picture memory like a camera.

You see a thing. Your brain saves the film. Later you press play.

That is not how it works.

Your brain saves a few real pieces.

It rebuilds the rest each time you remember.

reconstruction
Building a memory again from a few saved pieces, plus guesses that fill the gaps.

Here is one dinner, remembered on two days.

Before / After

Tap to see the same dinner remembered twice.

We sat by the window. The soup was warm. A friend told a long story.

Same night. The window grew. A dog appeared. The brain filled the gaps with what fit.


Your guess

When you remember an old day, what does your brain mostly do with the small details?

Remembering is not the replay of a fixed trace. It is an imaginative rebuilding.After Frederic Bartlett, Remembering (1932)

Bartlett had people retell a strange story.

Each time, they changed it.

They cut odd parts. They added parts that made more sense to them.

And they were sure they remembered it right.

Sources

  • Ebbinghaus (1885), Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology
  • Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968), Human memory: A proposed system
  • Baddeley & Hitch (1974), Working memory
  • Craik & Lockhart (1972), Levels of processing
  • Tulving (1972), Episodic and semantic memory
  • Bartlett (1932), Remembering
  • Loftus & Palmer (1974), Reconstruction of automobile destruction
  • Roediger & Karpicke (2006), Test-enhanced learning
  • McGaugh (2000), Memory — a century of consolidation
  • Schacter (2001), The Seven Sins of Memory