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Intellectual

How to spot misinformation

12 sections · 10 pts/section
Section 1 / 12

Three kinds of false

False information is not all one thing. It splits three ways.

What splits them is intent. Not the words. The reason behind them.


Sometimes a person shares something false and means no harm.

A friend posts an old flood photo. She thinks it is from today.

She got it wrong. She did not mean to fool anyone.

misinformation
False information shared by mistake. The person did not mean to fool anyone.

Other times, a person makes something false on purpose. They want to fool you.

disinformation
False information made on purpose to trick or hurt people.

The third kind is the tricky one. The fact is true.

Someone takes a real private fact. They share it to hurt a person.

The fact is real. Sharing it is the weapon.

malinformation
True information shared on purpose to hurt someone.

Sort

Three posts go out. Sort each by the reason behind it.

Tap an item, then a bucket

A post is fully true. So it cannot belong in a lesson about false information.Tap to reveal

It can. This is malinformation. The fact checks out, so it passes every fact-check. The harm is not in the words. It is in the choice to share a private fact to hurt someone.

Sources

  • Caulfield, the SIFT method (Stop, Investigate, Find, Trace)
  • Wineburg & McGrew (2017), Stanford History Education Group — lateral reading
  • Wardle & Derakhshan (2017), First Draft — information disorder (mis/dis/mal)
  • Hasher, Goldstein & Toppino (1977); Fazio et al. (2015) — illusory truth effect
  • Out-of-context photos / false context (First Draft)